One of the key advantages of chlorine is its ability to provide residual disinfection. This means that even after the initial treatment, some chlorine remains in the water as it travels through pipelines to consumers. This residual effect continues to defend against any potential contamination that might occur along the way. However, it is essential to monitor chlorine levels carefully, as high concentrations can lead to unpleasant tastes and odors, as well as the formation of potentially harmful chlorinated byproducts.