Moreover, the public perception of chemical treatments can be a barrier to acceptance. Some individuals express concerns about the potential long-term effects of chemical usage, emphasizing the need for transparent communication about the safety of treated water and the rigorous standards that govern its treatment.
One of the most common chemicals used in water treatment is chlorine. Chlorination began in the late 19th century and has since become a staple in public water treatment systems. Chlorine effectively kills a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. It is typically added at the water source to disinfect the water before it enters the distribution system. Despite its effectiveness, the use of chlorine can create by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which have raised health concerns. Consequently, water treatment facilities are constantly seeking alternative disinfection methods or ways to limit chlorination by-products.