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Conclusion

The Role of APIs in Medications


 

2. Chlorination Chlorine is one of the most common disinfectants used in water treatment. It kills bacteria and viruses, making water safer for human consumption. However, it is essential to control the amount of chlorine used, as excessive levels can lead to the formation of harmful by-products called disinfection by-products (DBPs).


Sodium metabisulfite

2. Base Addition Conversely, for alkaline water (pH > 7), alkaline substances like sodium hydroxide or lime (calcium hydroxide) can be used. Again, precision is critical to ensure that the pH remains within safe limits.


Moreover, PQQ is recognized for its antioxidant properties. It helps combat oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals, which can damage cellular components, including lipids, proteins, and DNA. By reducing oxidative stress, PQQ may protect against chronic conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers.


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