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Cationic polymers are positively charged macromolecules that can interact with negatively charged particles, including contaminants, organic matter, and colloids present in water. This charge-based interaction is fundamental to their effectiveness in water treatment processes. The positive charge of cationic polymers allows them to bind with negatively charged surfaces, facilitating the aggregation and removal of suspended solids and organic impurities.
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On the other hand, biologics are large, complex molecules derived from living organisms, including proteins, nucleic acids, and cells. Biologics often include monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies. The mode of action for biologics can be quite different from that of small molecules; they may target specific pathways in immune response or cellular activity. The development and production of biologics require advanced biotechnology tools and techniques, making them significantly more complex and costly. However, they often offer innovative treatments for diseases that were previously untreatable or difficult to manage.
types of active pharmaceutical ingredients...