Emerging contaminants, such as microplastics and nanomaterials, have also been identified in sewage water. These substances, often originating from the breakdown of larger plastic items or from synthetic textiles, pose new challenges for wastewater treatment plants, which are not always equipped to filter out these tiny particles. The long-term implications of microplastics in the environment are still being studied, but their potential to enter the food chain raises alarm about possible health effects on humans and animals.
Moreover, PQQ may help reduce oxidative stress in the brain. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body, leading to cellular damage. This is particularly detrimental to brain cells, potentially impairing cognitive function and memory. By acting as a potent antioxidant, PQQ can help protect neural cells from oxidative damage, thereby maintaining their integrity and function, which is essential for optimal memory performance.