One of the major categories of chemicals found in sewage water is organic pollutants, which are primarily derived from household products, pharmaceuticals, and personal care items. These include substances like detergents, soaps, and a variety of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from prescription and over-the-counter medications. Recent studies have highlighted the presence of antibiotics, hormones, and pain relievers in wastewater, raising concerns about their effects on aquatic life and the potential for antibiotic resistance in microbial populations.
Quality control (QC) and assurance (QA) are integral components of the API production process. Regulatory bodies such as the FDA in the United States and the EMA in Europe impose strict guidelines to ensure that APIs are manufactured in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). These guidelines dictate everything from raw material selection to final product testing. Rigorous testing methods, including High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), are employed to analyze the quality, potency, and purity of the API. Quality assurance procedures help in maintaining consistent production standards and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.