Disinfection is critical for eliminating pathogenic microorganisms from water supplies. The most common chemical disinfectants include chlorine, chloramine, and ozone. Chlorination is widely used due to its effectiveness, low cost, and the residual protection it offers after treatment. However, it can produce harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs), which have raised health concerns. Therefore, alternative methods, such as ozone treatment and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, are gaining popularity as they do not leave harmful residues while still effectively neutralizing pathogens.
Water is essential for life, serving as a critical resource for drinking, agriculture, and industrial processes. However, the quality of water can vary significantly due to natural contaminants and human activities. To ensure that water is safe for consumption and use, various chemical treatments are employed in water treatment facilities. This article explores some key chemicals used in water treatment processes and their significance.