PAM exhibits remarkable characteristics such as high water solubility, increased viscosity, and excellent film-forming capabilities. These properties make it an ideal candidate for a variety of industrial processes. The molecular structure of PAM also allows for modifications, leading to various forms that can be engineered for specific purposes. For example, anionic PAM is used for thickening and flocculating, while cationic PAM is effective in wastewater treatment due to its charge properties that attract negatively charged particles.
Chemical precipitation is another key method, where chemicals are added to form insoluble compounds that can be removed from the water. This process is particularly effective for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater. By adjusting the pH and adding precipitating agents, contaminants can be converted into a solid state and subsequently separated from the water.