The mechanism of action of pentoxifylline is multifaceted. Primarily, it acts as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, leading to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. This, in turn, causes vasodilation, thereby improving blood flow to tissues. Additionally, pentoxifylline reduces blood viscosity by decreasing red blood cell aggregation and improving their deformability. These properties are especially beneficial for patients suffering from peripheral artery disease, diabetic ulcers, and chronic venous insufficiency.
An API can be defined as a compound that is biologically active and is used in the formulation of drugs. It is the core component that provides the desired therapeutic effect. For instance, in a pain-relieving medication, the API might be acetaminophen. The other components in the formulation, known as excipients, are inactive substances that serve as carriers for the API or enhance the stability, solubility, and delivery of the drug.