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4. Metformin Specified for managing type 2 diabetes, metformin acts by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing glucose production in the liver. This API is fundamental in helping patients maintain blood sugar levels.


Ethanediol diacetate is a colorless, viscous liquid with a mild, sweet odor. It is soluble in water, alcohol, and many organic solvents, which makes it a versatile compound in various chemical processes. The molecular structure consists of two acetate groups attached to a central ethanediol backbone, contributing to both its polar characteristics and its ability to act as a solvent.


Phosphate compounds, such as phosphoric acid, are also introduced in certain wastewater treatment processes to help control the growth of algae in surface water bodies. By precipitating phosphorus, these chemicals diminish the likelihood of eutrophication, a process that leads to excessive nutrient accumulation and detrimental algal blooms.


 

 

Alkaline chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), are frequently used to adjust the pH levels of wastewater. Many biological processes in STP require a specific pH range for optimal activity. For example, certain bacteria used in activated sludge processes thrive at a pH of around 6.5 to 8.5. By adding alkaline substances, the pH can be increased, creating a favorable environment for microbial action that breaks down organic matter.


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