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Alkaline chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), are frequently used to adjust the pH levels of wastewater. Many biological processes in STP require a specific pH range for optimal activity. For example, certain bacteria used in activated sludge processes thrive at a pH of around 6.5 to 8.5. By adding alkaline substances, the pH can be increased, creating a favorable environment for microbial action that breaks down organic matter.


Biological Significance


Despite advancements in technology and processes, API manufacturing faces several challenges. One of the main issues is the need for rigorous compliance with regulatory requirements. Ensuring that facilities meet GMP standards and passing inspections is a constant challenge for manufacturers. Non-compliance can lead to costly delays, product recalls, and reputational damage.


In the era of smart manufacturing, the development of pharma intermediates is also experiencing new opportunities. Utilizing advanced technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, and continuous flow chemistry, pharmaceutical companies can precisely control synthesis reactions, achieving efficient production of intermediates and customized batches of antibiotics. For example, real-time monitoring of reaction conditions and automatic parameter adjustments can significantly increase the yield and purity of intermediates, reduce by-product formation, and optimize antibiotic production processes.

 

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