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NAD+ is essential for cellular functions and energy production. It acts as a carrier for electrons in the mitochondrial respiration process, where it helps convert nutrients into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of our cells. However, as we age, NAD+ levels naturally decline, which has been linked to various age-related disorders and decreased metabolic efficiency. This decline can result in a host of issues, including decreased energy levels, increased fatigue, and a general decline in physical and cognitive functions.


Another essential chemical in sewage treatment is alum, or aluminum sulfate. Alum is a coagulant used in the primary treatment phase to facilitate the removal of suspended solids and colloidal particles. By causing these particles to clump together, or coagulate, alum aids in their subsequent removal through sedimentation. This is particularly important in reducing the turbidity of wastewater, thus improving the efficiency of subsequent treatment processes. The addition of alum not only enhances removal rates but also aids in the stabilization of organic matter.


sewage treatment plant chemicals used

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The pH of wastewater can significantly influence the effectiveness of various treatment processes. To optimize conditions for biological treatment or to facilitate coagulation, plants often use chemicals to adjust the pH. Commonly employed substances for pH adjustment include sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and sulfuric acid. Maintaining an appropriate pH range is vital for both the biological treatment processes and the overall efficiency of the chemical treatments applied.


Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a novel cofactor that has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential health benefits and industrial applications. Initially discovered in bacteria, PQQ plays an essential role in various biological processes. This article explores the uses and potential health benefits of PQQ, particularly in the fields of nutrition, medicine, and biotechnology.


Biochemical Research


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