Another common use of titanium IV oxide is in food coloring. Titanium dioxide is a FDA-approved food additive that is used to enhance the color of various food products. It is commonly used in candies, pastries, and dairy products to create vibrant colors. Titanium dioxide is a safe food additive that is used in small quantities to enhance the visual appeal of food products.

In a 2016 study published in Scientifica (Cairo), Egyptian researchers examined the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the organs of mice by orally administering the food additive daily, for five days. The results showed that the exposure produced “mild to moderate changes in the cytoarchitecture of brain tissue in a time dependent manner.” Furthermore, “Comet assay revealed the apoptotic DNA fragmentation, while PCR-SSCP pattern and direct sequencing showed point mutation of Presenilin 1 gene at exon 5, gene linked to inherited forms of Alzheimer’s disease.” The researchers wrote: “From these findings, “the present study concluded that TiO2NPs is genotoxic and mutagenic to brain tissue which in turn might lead to Alzheimer’s disease incidence.”

Le lithopone, blanc de lithopone ou blanc de Comines est un pigment blanc composé d'un mélange de sulfure de zinc et de sulfate de baryum, généralement en proportions équimolaires.

Total zinc and barium sulphate

Anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a key inorganic compound renowned for its exceptional photocatalytic properties, stability, and versatility in various applications. Among the various crystalline forms of titanium dioxide, anatase is particularly favored in industries ranging from paints and coatings to cosmetics and solar cells. The rise of anatase titanium dioxide manufacturers is a testament to the compound’s increasing importance in modern technology and environmental applications.

Neutral White, 26 per cent zinc sulphide, 66 per cent barium sulphate, 5 per cent infusorial earth, 3 per cent whiting.

Lithopone

Most notably, a European Food Safety Authority safety assessment published in May 2021 pointed to genotoxicity concerns, as suggested by previous research. Genotoxicity is the ability of chemicals to damage genetic information such as DNA, which may lead to cancer.

Porcelain White, 32 per cent sulphide, 68 per cent barium sulphate.

The reaction liquid is filtered through plate and frame pressure to obtain lithopone in the form of a filter cake with a moisture content of no more than 45%. It is then roasted in a drying furnace to change the crystal form of lithopone, and is then pickled with sulfuric acid at a temperature of 80°C. Finally, it is washed with water, reinforced with colorants, filtered, dried and ground into powder.

The global market for titanium dioxide is highly competitive, with manufacturers from around the world vying for market share. In order to stay competitive, manufacturers must continuously innovate and adapt to changing market trends. This may include expanding into new markets, developing new products, or forming strategic partnerships with other companies.

This precipitate is not suitable for a pigment until it is filtered, dried, crushed, heated to a high temperature and quenched in cold water. The second heating in a muffle furnace at 725 °C produces crystals of the right optical size.

There are two primary forms of titanium dioxide commercially available: anatase and rutile. The rutile form is typically used in sunscreens due to its superior ability to handle UV rays and stability in the presence of UV light. The anatase form is typically used in other types of products, such as paint. Another plus of the rutile form is that its UVA protection extends past 400 nanometers, which is the upper limit of UVA.

The produced barium sulfide enters the leacher, and the temperature is controlled above 65°C to obtain a barium sulfide content of 70%, and then enters the clarification barrel, add zinc sulfate for reaction after clarification, control the zinc sulfate content to be greater than 28%, pH=8~9, and obtain a mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide with a density of 1.296~1.357 g/cm3.

What is the FDA limit for titanium dioxide?

Titanium dioxide as used in sunscreens is commonly modified with other ingredients to ensure efficacy and stability. Examples of what are known as surface modifier ingredients used for titanium dioxide include stearic acid, isostearic acid, polyhydroxystearic acid, and dimethicone/methicone copolymer.