Active pharmaceutical intermediates are the components that provide therapeutic effects in medications. The quality of these intermediates directly impacts the drug's safety and effectiveness. High-quality APIs are essential for ensuring that the medication performs as intended and does not cause adverse effects. The production of APIs involves rigorous testing and quality control measures to meet stringent regulatory standards.
Once coagulants have done their work, the next stage often involves disinfection, crucial for eliminating harmful pathogens that may cause waterborne diseases. Chlorine is one of the most commonly used disinfectants, effective against viruses, bacteria, and some protozoa. It can be added in the form of gas or liquid, and its residual effect continues to provide protection even after treatment. Alternative disinfectants include ozone and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent that not only kills pathogens but also helps remove color and odors from water. UV radiation, on the other hand, is a chemical-free method that inactivates microorganisms by damaging their DNA.