2. Geographic Location The cost of isoflurane can differ by region and country due to varying factors such as import duties, local regulations, and regional competition. For instance, prices in the United States may differ from those in Europe or developing countries, influenced by healthcare policies and reimbursement rates.
PTSA, or p-toluenesulfonic acid, is a strong organic acid derived from toluene. Its chemical structure includes a sulfonate group, which contributes to its properties as a potent acid. In water treatment, PTSA serves multiple purposes, such as acting as a catalyst in chemical reactions, aiding in flocculation, and promoting effective disinfection.