Beyond these conventional technologies, innovative approaches have emerged. Thin-film solar cells, while less efficient (around 10% to 12%), are advantageous in specific applications due to their lightweight and flexible nature. Furthermore, emerging technologies, such as bifacial panels, which can capture sunlight from both sides, and multi-junction cells that layer different semiconductor materials, can achieve efficiency rates exceeding 30% in laboratory settings, although these are not yet widely commercialized.