One of the most significant roles of PQQ is its involvement in cellular energy production. It has been shown to support the function of mitochondria, the powerhouses of the cell, by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and improving their efficiency. This is particularly important as mitochondrial dysfunction is a major contributor to various age-related diseases and conditions such as neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders.
The process of ATP synthesis begins with glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Pyruvate is then transported into the mitochondria, where it undergoes further oxidation in a series of reactions collectively known as the citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle. During this cycle, high-energy electron carriers are generated, which are then used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP. The energy released during this process is coupled with the conversion of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to ATP.
mitochondrial basics
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) are the crucial elements in pharmaceuticals that provide the intended therapeutic effect. The term API refers exclusively to those chemical substances or compounds that are responsible for the desired pharmacological activity in a drug product. Understanding the meaning of APIs and their role in medicine is essential for anyone involved in pharmaceutical development, healthcare, or regulatory affairs.