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PQQ is a small quinone molecule that was first identified as a co-factor for certain enzymes. Recent research has shown that PQQ possesses antioxidant properties, which help protect cells from oxidative stress. It is involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including cell signaling, gene expression, and mitochondrial biogenesis—the process by which new mitochondria are formed. Mitochondria, often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell, are essential for energy production.


Leafy Greens: Spinach, kale, and Swiss chard are not only rich in iron but also contain notable amounts of vitamin C.

Recent studies have explored the combined effects of PQQ and CoQ10, highlighting their potential synergistic benefits in supporting mitochondrial function. While CoQ10 is critical for ATP production, PQQ enhances the number of mitochondria available for energy production. Together, they create a powerful duo that not only boosts energy levels but also protects against oxidative stress.


So where can individuals find Vitamin PQQ? While it is present in small amounts in some foods, such as green tea, kiwi, and fermented soy products like natto, supplementation may be a more effective way to achieve therapeutic levels of this vitamin. PQQ supplements are widely available, and many people take them to harness their potential health benefits.


1. Enhancing Energy Metabolism

In addition to coagulants, flocculants are often employed to enhance the settling of the flocs formed during coagulation. Polymers, such as polyacrylamides, are commonly used flocculants that help to bind the flocs together, making them heavier and promoting their sedimentation. This significantly improves the overall efficiency of the water treatment process, ensuring that a higher percentage of impurities is removed from the water.


The Function of Coagulants in Water Treatment


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