With the rapid development of modern medicine, the progress of anesthesia technology has greatly improved the success rate of surgery and the comfort of patients. In these advances, sevoflurane, as an efficient and safe inhalation anesthetic, has become a widely used anesthetic choice worldwide. Sevofluran can not only effectively control the depth of anesthesia and reduce the pain during operation, but also become an indispensable tool for anesthesiologists in various operations because of its rapid onset and recovery.
Background and Development of Sevoflurane
The history of севофлуран can be traced back to the 1990s. As a new volatile inhalation anesthetic, севофлуран inherits and improves the shortcomings of early anesthetics. The structural characteristics of севофлуран are closely related to its pharmacological effects. Its molecular formula is C4H3F7O, which consists of four carbon atoms, three fluorine atoms and one oxygen atom. Different from traditional anesthetics, the fluorine atom structure in севофлуран molecule endows it with high stability and low volatility, which makes it a mild, controllable and easy-to-use anesthetic.
The advent of севофлуран makes the choice of modern anesthetic drugs more diversified, and its superior pharmacological characteristics and clinical effects make it quickly recognized by the medical community. Sevofluran, which was originally used for adult anesthesia, gradually expanded to the fields of children anesthesia and elderly patients anesthesia, and became one of the important drugs for general anesthesia.
Pharmacological Action and Mechanism of Sevoflurane
Sevoflurane, as a classic active pharmaceutical ingredient, plays an important role in the field of global anesthesia medicine., and its mechanism of action is to achieve anesthetic effect by affecting the central nervous system. Compared with traditional anesthetics, the mechanism of севофлуран is more complicated, involving a variety of neurotransmitter systems.
Inhibitory effect of neurotransmitters
Sevofluran can interact with neuronal receptors in cerebral cortex and spinal cord, and inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses. It mainly inhibits the excitability of nerve cells by enhancing the role of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA(γ- aminobutyric acid). In addition, севофлуран may also reduce the effect of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate through the interaction with NMDA(N- methyl -D- aspartic acid) receptor, and further enhance the anesthetic effect.
Quick onset and sobriety
Sevofluran has a low blood gas distribution ratio (blood gas distribution constant), which means that it quickly reaches a stable concentration in the body and quickly exerts anesthetic effect. This characteristic makes севофлуран an ideal anesthetic for many complicated operations. After the operation, севофлуран can also be quickly excreted from the body, so that patients can quickly regain consciousness and reduce discomfort after anesthesia.
Effects on cardiovascular system and respiratory system
Compared with other anesthetic active drug, севофлуран has relatively little effect on cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Sevofluran can moderately reduce heart rate and blood pressure, but it will not cause excessive cardiovascular inhibition like some anesthetic drugs. In addition, севофлуран is less irritating to the respiratory system and is especially suitable for patients with respiratory diseases.