With the rapid development of modern medicine, the progress of anesthesia technology has greatly improved the success rate of surgery and the comfort of patients. In these advances, sevoflurane, as an efficient and safe inhalation anesthetic, has become a widely used anesthetic choice worldwide. Sevoflurane can not only effectively control the depth of anesthesia and reduce the pain during operation, but also become an indispensable tool for anesthesiologists in various operations because of its rapid onset and recovery.
Background and Development of Sevoflurane
The history of sevoflurane can be traced back to the 1990s. As a new volatile inhalation anesthetic, sevoflurane inherits and improves the shortcomings of early anesthetics. The structural characteristics of sevoflurane are closely related to its pharmacological effects. Its molecular formula is C4H3F7O, which consists of four carbon atoms, three fluorine atoms and one oxygen atom. Different from traditional anesthetics, the fluorine atom structure in sevoflurane molecule endows it with high stability and low volatility, which makes it a mild, controllable and easy-to-use anesthetic.
The advent of sevoflurane makes the choice of modern anesthetic drugs more diversified, and its superior pharmacological characteristics and clinical effects make it quickly recognized by the medical community. Sevoflurane, which was originally used for adult anesthesia, gradually expanded to the fields of children anesthesia and elderly patients anesthesia, and became one of the important drugs for general anesthesia.
Pharmacological Action and Mechanism of Sevoflurane
Sevoflurane, as a classic active pharmaceutical ingredient, plays an important role in the field of global anesthesia medicine., and its mechanism of action is to achieve anesthetic effect by affecting the central nervous system. Compared with traditional anesthetics, the mechanism of sevoflurane is more complicated, involving a variety of neurotransmitter systems.
Inhibitory effect of neurotransmitters
Sevoflurane can interact with neuronal receptors in cerebral cortex and spinal cord, and inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses. It mainly inhibits the excitability of nerve cells by enhancing the role of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA(γ- aminobutyric acid). In addition, sevoflurane may also reduce the effect of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate through the interaction with NMDA(N- methyl -D- aspartic acid) receptor, and further enhance the anesthetic effect.
Quick onset and sobriety
Sevoflurane has a low blood gas distribution ratio (blood gas distribution constant), which means that it quickly reaches a stable concentration in the body and quickly exerts anesthetic effect. This characteristic makes sevoflurane an ideal anesthetic for many complicated operations. After the operation, sevoflurane can also be quickly excreted from the body, so that patients can quickly regain consciousness and reduce discomfort after anesthesia.
Effects on cardiovascular system and respiratory system
Compared with other anesthetic active drug, sevoflurane has relatively little effect on cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Sevoflurane can moderately reduce heart rate and blood pressure, but it will not cause excessive cardiovascular inhibition like some anesthetic drugs. In addition, sevoflurane is less irritating to the respiratory system and is especially suitable for patients with respiratory diseases.