Plant growth regulators are a kind of small molecular compounds with the function of regulating plant growth, development and metabolism, which are widely used in agricultural production, horticultural management and plant biotechnology research. 6- chloro -1,3- dimethyluracil, as an important pharmaceutical intermediate, has been widely concerned by plant science research because of its flexibility in chemical structure and biological activity, and has been explored for various plant regulatory functions.
Biological Potential of 6-Chloro-1,3-Dimethyluracil
Biological activity potential
The potential of 6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil in plant growth regulation mainly comes from the following aspects:
Cell division and differentiation: Its structure is similar to some known cytokinins, and it may have the function of promoting cell division.
Regulation of stress resistance: By regulating plant hormone balance, it is helpful to improve the adaptability of plants to environmental stresses (such as drought and salinity).
Photosynthetic regulation: enhance chloroplast activity and improve photosynthetic efficiency of plants.
Synthesis of 6-Chloro-1,3-Dimethyluracil
Synthetic route
The synthesis of 6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil mainly involves the construction of pyrimidine core and chlorination reaction:
Construction of pyrimidine core: 1,3- dimethyluracil was synthesized by cyclization of urea with malonamide (or its derivatives).
Selective chlorination reaction: 1,3- dimethyluracil is chlorinated by chlorinating agent (such as phosphoryl chloride or thionyl chloride), and chlorine atom is introduced at position 6.
Synthesis optimization
In order to meet the demand of high purity and low cost in the application of plant growth regulators, chemists have developed a variety of green synthesis methods, such as:
Use non-toxic solvents (such as water or ethanol) instead of traditional organic solvents.
Catalyst (such as acid resin) is introduced to improve the reaction efficiency.
Advantages and Challenges of 6-Chloro-1,3-Dimethyluracil
Superiority
Broad spectrum: it has obvious effect on many crops and cash crops.
Low cost: the synthetic route is simple and economical, and it is suitable for mass production.
Environment-friendly: As a small molecule regulator, its dosage is small, and it causes less pollution to soil and environment.
Challenge
Insufficient targeted research: At present, the specific mechanism of 6-Chloro-1,3-dimethyluracil and plant hormone signaling pathway is not clear.
Insufficient long-term effect: in some applications, its effect lasts for a short time, and it may be necessary to combine sustained-release technology.
Regulatory restrictions: As a new chemical, its large-scale application needs to undergo strict ecotoxicological assessment.
As a pharma intermediate, it will provide a wider development space in plant growth agents. With the deepening of related research, its application potential in modern agricultural production will be further tapped, in order to improve crop yield and quality.